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lenin抯 chief contribution to the marxist canon was the development
of marx抯 concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat. in the
writings of marx and engels the concept of the dictatorship of the
proletariat was most clearly elaborated with regard to the experience of the
paris commune of 1871. |
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the founders of marxism viewed it as the first proletarian
revolution in human history because it brought to power a government
of the working class, represented by the bloc of proletarian and
petit bourgeois revolutionaries. this was government of a new
type梩he first example of a dictatorship of the proletariat in
history. the main conclusion
that the two founders of marxism reached in their analysis of the
lessons of the paris commune was that the chief reason for its
downfall was an insufficient toughness on the part of the
proletarian government. it was hesitant to suppress the
counterrevolutionary forces, adopting the tactics of 損assive defense.?/span> |
lenin attached great importance to the study of the lessons of the
defeated paris commune and insisted on the form of an iron
dictatorship that would be utterly ruthless and merciless toward the
enemies of a workers?republic of the future. lenin left no doubts
about what he meant by dictatorship:
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dictatorship is rule based directly upon force and unrestricted by
any laws.
the
revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat is rule won and
maintained by the use of violence by the proletariat against the
bourgeoisie, rule that is unrestricted by any laws.
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lenin used the phrase 搕he dictatorship of the proletariat?to
describe a government representing the majority of the population,
but prepared to use force to control the minority that opposed it.
according to him, immediately after the revolutionary overthrow of
capitalism there would be an intermediate period on the road to
socialism. during that transitional stage, the dictatorship of the
proletariat would perform the function of suppression of the
exploiting classes. it would include the destruction of the very
foundations on which the activity of exploiters was based, such as
private property, and even the physical annihilation of the
exploiters themselves. but the new government would be more
democratic than any that had existed previously, as it would
represent for the first time in history the interests of most
russians, rather than those of a privileged minority.
in
lenin抯 view, the new proletarian government would need to build and
maintain a coercive machinery of power and use it not just against
its internal enemies, but also to repel 揳ttempts on the part of the
bourgeoisie of other countries to destroy the victorious proletarian
socialist state.?only with the triumph of the proletarian-socialist
revolution on a worldwide scale would class struggle finally be
over, society become classless, and the coercive apparatus of the
state no longer be needed. the state would die out (or, to use
friedrich engels抯 famous phrase, simply 搘ither away?. the
dictatorship of the proletariat would come to an end.
if
the paris commune of 1871 was the first attempt in history to
establish a dictatorship of the proletariat, then russia in 1917
became the first country in the world where the dictatorship of the
proletariat triumphed and consolidated under the determined
leadership of lenin and the bolsheviks.
